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Circadian regulation of the cardiovascular system
Nováková, Jessica ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Galatík, František (referee)
Circadian system consist of the main circadian oscillator and the peripheral oscillators. Their function is to enable the adaptation of living organisms to the diurnal environmental changes. Circadian system regulates rhythmical expression of genes in nearly every cell of the body, thereby affecting both the physiological and behavioural processes of mammals and other animals. This bachelor's thesis summarizes a knowledge from experiments which led to the demonstration of circadian rhytms in cardiovascular system. To introduce the topic, the first discoveries of circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system are mentioned. Then, we focus on the circadian rhythms in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells and in vascular smooth muscle cells. Another focal point of my thesis is the role of transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 15. Circadian regulation of the cardiovascular system is important for the proper function of the heart and blood vessels. Circadian disruption can cause severe pathophysiological and cardiovascular conditions, such as ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease. Key words: circadian, clock genes, cardiovascular system, cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, Krüppel-like factor...
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Role of perivascular fat tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases
Čejková, Soňa ; Ždychová, Jana (advisor) ; Pavlišová, Jana (referee)
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adipocytes produce several paracrine bioactive substances that can affect VSMC growth and migration. Our study focused on the ability of epicardial adipocytes to produce bioactive substances together with studying of direct effect of these substances on the VSMC proliferation rate. The gene expression of human cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, RANTES and MCP-1) and adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) was measured in primary cell lines of epicardial and visceral adipocytes, both in undifferentiated and mature statuses. Moreover, adipokine production (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF and adiponectin) in conditioned media obtained from above mentioned primary cell cultures of adipocytes was measured by a Luminex assay. The VSMC proliferation rate was measured after co-culturing with CM obtained from primary cell cultures of adipocytes. The epicardial preadipocytes showed an increased expression of IL-8 (3,25-fold, p<0,05) compared with visceral preadipocytes. The expression of the adiponectin in epicardial preadipocytes was markedly decreased in comparison of the expression in visceral preadipocytes (p< 0,0001). Moreover, the gene expression was dependent on the differentiation...
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Role of perivascular fat tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases
Čejková, Soňa ; Ždychová, Jana (advisor) ; Pavlišová, Jana (referee)
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adipocytes produce several paracrine bioactive substances that can affect VSMC growth and migration. Our study focused on the ability of epicardial adipocytes to produce bioactive substances together with studying of direct effect of these substances on the VSMC proliferation rate. The gene expression of human cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, RANTES and MCP-1) and adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) was measured in primary cell lines of epicardial and visceral adipocytes, both in undifferentiated and mature statuses. Moreover, adipokine production (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF and adiponectin) in conditioned media obtained from above mentioned primary cell cultures of adipocytes was measured by a Luminex assay. The VSMC proliferation rate was measured after co-culturing with CM obtained from primary cell cultures of adipocytes. The epicardial preadipocytes showed an increased expression of IL-8 (3,25-fold, p<0,05) compared with visceral preadipocytes. The expression of the adiponectin in epicardial preadipocytes was markedly decreased in comparison of the expression in visceral preadipocytes (p< 0,0001). Moreover, the gene expression was dependent on the differentiation...
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